History of deuterium oxide

SAFETY DATA SHEET according to the Global Harmonized System Version: GHS 1   1. Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking   DEUTERIUM OXIDE Product name 1.004.025, 1.004.050 1.031.050 1.032.050 1.033.025, 1.033.050 (Cat. No.(s Laboratory chemicals, Manufacture of substances Identified uses Mesbah Energy Co Arak Science & Technology Park Shahid Ghoddousi Blvd., Arak, Iran Tel-Fax: +98 86 32246912 Email: [email protected] company/undertaking Identification 2. Hazards identification   No data available Classification of the substance or mixture No data available Label elements No data available Other hazards 3. Composition/information on ingredients   Heavy water, Water-d2 Substances synonyms D2O Formula 7789-20-0 .CAS NO 4. First aid measures   Consult a physician. Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance. Move out of dangerous area General If breathed in, move person to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. Consult a physician Inhalation Wash with soap and plenty of water. Consult a physician Skin contact Flush eyes with water as a precaution History of deuterium oxide...ادامه مطلب

You may have wondered whether you can you drink heavy water? Is it radioactive? Is it safe? Deuterium oxide or heavy water is a form of water that contains a larger than normal amount of the hydrogen isotope deuterium, rather than the common hydrogen-1 isotope that makes up most of the hydrogen in normal water. Accordingly, some or most of the hydrogen atoms in deuterium oxide contain a neutron, causing each hydrogen atom to be about twice as heavy as a normal hydrogen atom. The increased weight of the hydrogen in the water thus makes it slightly more dense. Deuterium oxide is not radioactive. So, if you drink heavy water, you don't have to stress over radiation harming. It's not totally safe to drink, however, because the biochemical reactions in your cells are affected by the distinction in the mass of the hydrogen atoms and how well they shape hydrogen bonds. If you drank a considerable volume of deuterium oxide, you may feel dizzy because deuterium oxide would change the density of the liquid in your inner ear. Deuterium oxide damages the ability of mitotic spindles cells to repair their DNA and replicate. If you could replace 25-50% of the regular hydrogen in your History of deuterium oxide...ادامه مطلب

Fig 1.Deuterium oxide tracer can be used in oil exploration studies The main objective of a coring operation is to get accurate information about the oil reservoir. Parameters like oil and water composition determine the saturation levels of a reservoir. Information about the reservoir is evaluated by analysis of the collected cores and samples. In case of drilling mud core invasion, the recovered liquid does not represent the native liquid but rather a mixture of drilling fluid and reservoir fluid. The amount of coring fluid contamination contained in the formation water of a core sample can be determined using a tracer. Deuterium oxide or heavy water can be used to trace water base mud systems. Prior to coring a quantity of deuterium oxide is added to the aqueous drilling fluid and samples of the coring fluid taken periodically before, during and after the coring process. The levels of deuterium in the extracted water and coring fluid samples can determine the contamination degree. History of deuterium oxide...ادامه مطلب

Fig 1.Development of deuterated drugs using deuterium oxide   Deuterium oxide or heavy water is widely used in studies of metabolism of drugs in humans and other animals. Deuterium from deuterium oxide (D2O) can be exchanged directly into finished drug compounds. A deuterium containing or deuterated drug is a kind of medicine which one or more of its hydrogen atoms are substituted by deuterium atoms. Metabolic studies have shown that slower metabolism of deuterium containing drugs often allows for longer effective benefit, smaller or less frequent doses and fewer side effects of the drug. In April 2017 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first deuterated drug, AUSTEDO™ by Teva (previously referred to as SD-809). Austedo was developed for the treatment of chorea, random involuntary twisting movements, which is associated with Huntington’s disease.   Source: http://www.tevapharm.com/news/teva_announces_fda_approval_of_austedo_deutetrabenazine_tablets_for_the_treatment_of_tardive_dyskinesia_in_adults_08_17.aspx History of deuterium oxide...ادامه مطلب

Unlike deuterium oxide (heavy water) which is a form of water that contains a larger than normal amount of the hydrogen isotope deuterium, Deuterium-depleted water (DDW), also known as light water, has a lower concentration of deuterium than occurs naturally. Deuterium a heavier isotope of hydrogen which has, in addition to its one proton, a neutron, that roughly doubles the mass of the hydrogen atom. All natural water contains deuterium. Most water contains about 150 ppm. Water with a concentration less than 140 ppm is considered deuterium-depleted. Despite the fact that the consumption of deuterium oxide is harmful, based on clinical studies even seemingly small reduction in deuterium content can improve a number of health parameters in human. Scientists uncovered that healthy cells react well to reduced amounts of deuterium in water. However, cancer cells are more sensitive to deuterium depletion. Cancer cells, especially tumor cells, cannot adapt rapidly resulting in tumor regression without any side effects on healthy cells. They also studied DDW for metabolic disorders - especially diabetes - with desirable results.   Source: http://www.dancingwithwater. History of deuterium oxide...ادامه مطلب

Fig 1. NMR spectroscopy using Deuterium oxide The NMR phenomenon is based on the interaction of the nuclei of specific atomic isotopes with a static magnetic field. The utility of NMR arise from the fact that chemically distinct nuclei differ in resonance frequency in the same magnetic field. This phenomenon is known as the chemical shift. NMR spectroscopy is an essential tool for the determination of molecular structure, the study of molecular dynamics, and the characterization of materials at the molecular level by chemists, physicists, and molecular biologists. Deuterium oxide (D2O) is used in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy when using water as solvent if the nuclide of interest is hydrogen. This is because the signal from light water solvent molecules interferes with observing the signal from the molecule of interest dissolved in it.   Source: http://chemnmr.colorado.edu/moreinfo/whatisnmr.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_water History of deuterium oxide...ادامه مطلب

Fig 1.Deuterium oxide can be used to treat semiconductor devices   Deuterium oxide or heavy water is used in the production of deuterium gas, a form of naturally occurring pure hydrogen. Chemical formula of deuterium gas is 2H2 or D2 and its pure form is rarely seen in the nature. Deuterium (D2) and deuterium-substituted gases are used in the manufacture of silicon semiconductors and microchips through the process of deuterium-protium exchange. Semiconductor device annealing process with deuterium at super atmospheric pressures reduces of the effects of hot carrier stress and improves the operating characteristics. This significantly enhances the life cycle of semiconductors and microchips. It enables chips to be made smaller, have high circuit densities and have a longer life cycle.   Source: https://www.google.com/patents/US6833306 History of deuterium oxide...ادامه مطلب

Fig 1.Deuterium oxide application: Deuterium lamp manufacturing     Deuterium lamp (or deuterium arc lamp) is a low-pressure gas-discharge light source often used in spectroscopy when constant and intense ultraviolet light is required. These light sources utilize a heated tungsten filament that manufactures an arc to the anode in order to energize molecular deuterium for visible and infrared light production. Arc lamps are remarkable for their high performance in the ultraviolet, with relatively little output in the visible and infrared. Arc lamps made with ordinary light-hydrogen provide a very similar UV spectrum to deuterium, and have been utilized as a part of UV spectroscopes. However, lamps using deuterium have a longer life span and intensity at the far end of their UV range which is three to five times that of a standard hydrogen arc bulb, at the similar temperature. Therefore, Deuterium lamps are considered a superior light source than light-hydrogen arc lamps, for the shortwave UV range.   Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuterium_arc_lamp History of deuterium oxide...ادامه مطلب

Fig 1.Production of deuterium oxide (heavy water) - Girdler sulfide process As semi heavy water, HDO occurs naturally on Earth in regular water at a proportion of 1 part per 3200, it may be separated from regular water by distillation or electrolysis and also by various chemical exchange processes, all of which exploit a kinetic isotope effect. In short, the difference in mass between the two hydrogen isotopes translates into a difference in the zero-point energy and thus into a slight difference in the speed at which the reaction proceeds. Once HDO becomes a significant fraction of the water, deuterium oxide (heavy water) will become more prevalent as well as water molecules trade hydrogen atoms very frequently. To produce pure deuterium oxide by distillation or electrolysis requires a large cascade of stills or electrolysis chambers, and consumes large amounts of power, so the chemical methods are generally preferred. The most important chemical method is the Girdler Sulfide process. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_water#Production History of deuterium oxide...ادامه مطلب

Fig 1.Deuterium oxide can be used to manufacture the Fiber Optics   The distinctive behavior arising out of the isotope & deuterium bonding effects have found potential use in various industrial scopes. Various applications have been developed in the high tech area using some of the fundamental differences between hydrogen and deuterium. Optical fibers are widely used when transmitting data over longer distances and at higher bandwidths than traditional copper cables. Replacing the hydrogen with deuterium oxide in the fiber cables reduces the chemical reaction rate leading to deterioration of the light transmission, improves the intensity and transmission characteristics and extends the life of the cable.  History of deuterium oxide...ادامه مطلب